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- $Unique_ID{BRK03452}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Amniotic Bands}
- $Subject{Amniotic Bands Oligohydramnios Sequence Early Constraint Defects
- Pierre Robin Syndrome Clubfoot Bilateral Renal Agenesis Potter Syndrome
- Polycystic Kidney Disease}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 711:
- Amniotic Bands
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Amniotic Bands) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Oligohydramnios Sequence
- Early Constraint Defects
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Pierre Robin Syndrome
- Clubfoot
- Bilateral Renal Agenesis
- Potter Syndrome
- Polycystic Kidney Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Amniotic Bands is a rare condition that occurs when the level of amniotic
- fluid is insufficient during pregnancy. The severity of the resulting
- disorder in a baby is associated with the stage of development of the fetus
- at the time the amniotic fluid decrease begins in the uterus. Major symptoms
- may include deformations of the feet, spine, lungs and face.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Amniotic Bands occurs as a result of loss of amniotic fluid from the uterus
- during pregnancy. Infants with Amniotic Bands are usually born to young
- pregnant woman with hypertension and unusual swelling (preeclampsia). If the
- loss of fluid occurs early in the pregnancy the resulting deformations of the
- fetus may be very serious and the condition may result in spontaneous
- abortion. If the rupture of the amniotic sac occurs later in the pregnancy
- it may or may not result in Amniotic Bands.
-
- The Amniotic Bands are constraint defects which do not allow the fetus to
- develop and move in a normal way. Common deformations may include scoliosis
- and clubfeet as well as vascular defects which can cause reduction in the
- size of the limbs. Deformations that result from incomplete normal
- development of the fetus, such as chest compression, can result in
- underdevelopment of the lungs making the infant incapable of breathing on its
- own. In some cases the infant's head may be compressed resulting in a
- misshapen or unusual looking head. The face may appear as though a stocking
- was pulled over it, flattening the nose and ears. Legs or arms may also be
- compressed as a result of too little amniotic fluid, resulting in joint
- stiffness and dislocations.
-
- Causes
-
- Amniotic Bands can have several causes. One is an early rupture of the
- amniotic sac. This can happen for unknown reasons, or extremely rarely as a
- result of a test to diagnosis chromosomal disorders before birth
- (amniocentesis). Premature rupture of the amniotic sac may result in
- problems during delivery as the infant cannot maneuver properly.
-
- Amniotic bands can also be caused by a lack of urine output by the fetus.
- This results in a decrease of amniotic fluid since in the later stages of
- pregnancy urine from the fetus makes up a large portion of the amniotic
- fluid. Several kidney disorders in a fetus may cause an absence of, or
- insufficient level of amniotic fluid (see related disorders section of this
- report).
-
- Affected Population
-
- Amniotic Bands affect male and female infants in equal numbers. When the lack
- of fluid is the result of insufficient urine output by a fetus, first degree
- family members should be checked for a possible kidney disease to determine
- if a genetic factor is involved.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Amniotic
- Bands. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Pierre Robin Syndrome in an infant is characterized by an unusually small
- jaw (micrognathia), downward displaced tongue (glossoptosis), and cleft soft
- palate. The tongue may obstruct normal breathing. Problems in breathing may
- lead to lung malfunction and enlargement of part of the heart (cor
- pulmonale), high blood pressure in the lung's arteries (pulmonary
- hypertension), and possibly lead to congestive heart failure. This disorder
- may result from mechanical constraint of the fetus in the womb due to lack of
- amniotic fluid. It may also be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or
- result from certain drugs taken by the mother during pregnancy. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Pierre Robin" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Clubfoot is a word used for several kinds of ankle and foot deformities
- usually present at birth. The defect can be mild or severe, and it can
- affect one foot or both. Clubfoot probably is caused by a combination of
- hereditary and other factors that may affect prenatal growth, such as
- mechanical constraint (lack of amniotic fluid), infection, drugs taken during
- pregnancy, diseases and other factors in the maternal environment. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Clubfoot" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database).
-
- Bilateral Renal Agenesis is the absence of both kidneys at birth. It is
- characterized by the failure of the fetus to develop kidneys. This absence
- of fetal kidneys is the primary cause of the deficiency of amniotic fluid
- (Oligohydramnios) in the pregnant mother. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Bilateral Renal Agenesis" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Potter's Syndrome (Oligohydramnios tetrad), results from the lack of
- amniotic fluid caused by a defect of urinary output from the fetus, or by
- chronic leakage of fluid from the amniotic sac. Potter's Syndrome is
- characterized by an unusual face, underdevelopment of the lungs, limb
- deformities, and inadequate or missing kidneys.
-
- Polycystic Kidney Disease is characterized by many cysts in both kidneys.
- This causes enlargement of the total kidney size, while reducing the
- functional kidney tissue by compression. The infantile form of Polycystic
- Kidney Disease is present at birth with characteristic low output of urine.
- (For more information on this disorder, choose "Polycystic Kidney" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Amniotic Bands is symptomatic and supportive. Genetic
- counseling may be of benefit for families of infants with certain forms of
- inherited kidney disease that can cause Amniotic Bands. Alpha-fetoprotein
- (AFP) screening, a test for fetal abnormalities, may be able to detect early
- second-trimester lack of amniotic fluid.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The artificial instillation of amniotic fluid is a form of treatment under
- investigation by scientists for women with severe lack of amniotic fluid
- (oligohydramnios). This procedure is being tried only on an experimental
- basis when conservative measures have proven ineffective. More studies are
- needed to indicate safety and effectiveness of this procedure.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- December 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Amniotic Bands, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed.: Kenneth L.
- Jones, M.D.; W.B. Saunders Company, 1988. Pp. 572-573.
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN DEFORMATION, 2nd ed.: John M.
- Graham, Jr., M.D.; W.B. Saunders Company, 1988. Pp. 14, 102-103, 114-117.
-
- OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS; CLINICAL ASSOCIATIONS AND PREDICTIVE VALUE FOR
- INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION. E.H. Philipson, et al.; Am J Obstet Gynecol
- (June 1, 1983, issue 146 (3)). Pp. 271-278.
-
- ELEVATED MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN, SECOND-TRIMESTER
- OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS, AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME. W.L. Koontz, et al.; Obstet Gynecol
- (September, 1983, issue 62 (3)). Pp. 301-304.
-
- ARTIFICIAL INSTILLATION OF AMNIOTIC FLUID AS A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR THE
- DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF CASES OF OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS. U. Gembruch, et al.;
- Prenat Diagn (January, 1988, issue 8 (1)). Pp. 33-45.
-
- ACUTE DEVELOPMENT OF OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS IN A PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY
- CHRONIC HYPERTENSION AND SUPERIMPOSED PRE-ECLAMPSIA. P.J. Weinbaum, et al.;
- Am J Perinatol (January, 1986, issue 3 (1)). Pp. 47-49.
-
-